An investigation of enforcement of anti-money laundering measures on banking integrity: a case study of Guaranty Trust Bank
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Background of the Study
The enforcement of anti-money laundering (AML) measures is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the banking sector. Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) has implemented robust AML policies and enforcement mechanisms to detect and prevent illicit financial activities. Between 2023 and 2025, the bank has strengthened its AML framework through the adoption of advanced monitoring systems, regular employee training, and strict compliance protocols designed to adhere to both national and international standards (Adeniyi, 2023; Okeke, 2024).
Effective enforcement of AML measures not only protects the bank from regulatory sanctions but also preserves its reputation and operational stability. GTBank’s proactive approach includes real-time transaction monitoring, automated reporting of suspicious activities, and periodic audits to ensure that all branches adhere to AML regulations. These measures are integral to maintaining public trust and ensuring a secure financial environment. However, challenges remain in the consistent application of AML policies across diverse operational units, and integration issues with legacy systems can hinder the timely detection of money laundering activities (Ibrahim, 2025).
The bank’s commitment to AML enforcement is critical in an era of increasing financial crimes and sophisticated money laundering techniques. Despite these efforts, gaps in enforcement and compliance inconsistencies continue to pose risks to banking integrity. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of AML enforcement at GTBank by evaluating compliance data, reviewing case studies of enforcement lapses, and gathering feedback from compliance officers. The findings will inform recommendations for strengthening AML practices and ensuring robust banking integrity.
Statement of the Problem :
Guaranty Trust Bank, despite robust anti-money laundering measures, continues to face challenges in achieving consistent enforcement across all its operations. Inconsistencies in AML policy implementation, stemming from integration issues with legacy systems and variations in branch-level practices, have led to lapses in detecting and preventing money laundering activities (Okeke, 2024). These enforcement gaps not only expose the bank to regulatory risks but also undermine customer and investor confidence, thereby compromising banking integrity.
Moreover, the rapid evolution of money laundering techniques necessitates continuous updates to AML systems, yet delays in software updates and insufficient staff training can leave the bank vulnerable to emerging threats. The cost and complexity of maintaining an effective AML framework further strain resources, potentially diverting attention from other critical areas of operation. Consequently, the overall effectiveness of the bank’s AML enforcement is diminished, which may lead to increased incidences of financial crimes and reputational damage. This study seeks to explore the underlying factors that contribute to these enforcement challenges and assess their impact on banking integrity, with the goal of providing actionable recommendations to enhance the efficacy of AML measures.
Objectives of the Study:
To evaluate the effectiveness of AML enforcement at GTBank.
To identify challenges in the implementation of AML measures.
To recommend strategies for strengthening AML enforcement and safeguarding banking integrity.
Research Questions:
How effective are current AML enforcement practices in maintaining banking integrity?
What challenges hinder consistent AML policy application?
What improvements can enhance AML enforcement?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Robust AML enforcement significantly improves banking integrity.
H2: Integration issues with legacy systems negatively affect AML compliance.
H3: Enhanced staff training improves AML enforcement effectiveness.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study focuses on GTBank’s AML enforcement practices from 2023 to 2025. Limitations include rapidly changing money laundering techniques and potential data access constraints.
Definitions of Terms:
Anti-Money Laundering (AML): Policies and practices to prevent money laundering and related financial crimes.
Banking Integrity: The adherence of a bank to ethical and legal standards.
Compliance: Conformance with regulatory requirements.
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